The key to success was creating a catchy phrase, or hook, that could be repeated and varied. The refrain was sometimes scored in parts and became known as the chorus. Popular songs depend on the interplay of novelty with conventions, such as the standard form of verse and refrain. Popular songs were written on a variety of topics and were used for every possible cause. In the later nineteenth century, there was a widening gulf between art songs, which had precisely notated parts and were meant to be appreciated as art, and popular songs, which were meant to entertain. Songs also reflected the diverging tastes and needs of the American public. Music: NAWM 154īrass bands, black churches, and dance orchestras were among the main training grounds for African-American musicians. The repertory of nineteenth-century bands consisted of marches, dances, arrangements of arias and songs, transcriptions of pieces by classical composers, and virtuosic display pieces. The period between the Civil War and World War I was the heyday of professional bands, including one founded by the most successful bandmaster, John Philip Sousa (1854–1932). The earliest American bands were attached to military units, but in the nineteenth century, amateur local bands became common everywhere. Musical life in the United States was influenced by its ethnic diversity as well as by the rapidly emerging distinctions between classical, popular, and folk music. Diverging Trends in Nineteenth- and Early-Twentieth-Century America (CHWM 585–90, NAWM 154) Chapter 24: Vernacular Music and the Classical Tradition in Americaĭiverse classical and popular musical idioms developed in the United States during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
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